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James R. R.'s avatar

“The Age of Hate: Andrew Johnson and the Radicals,” by George F. Milton, Jr., remains one of the best biographies of Johnson and histories of Reconstruction.

If Reconstruction had proceeded along Johnson’s terms, what’s ironic is that race relations in the South would have progressed much better. There would’ve been no KKK and no Jim Crow. The old ruling class was initially willing to reach an accommodation with the blacks that was more or less inconceivable after the humiliation of Radical Reconstruction.

Moreover, if the South had heeded the Johnsons, instead of the impetuous and imperious “Fire-Eaters,” there would’ve been no Civil War that revolutionized and consolidated the government, impoverished that part of the country for generations, and cost well over a half-million lives. Johnson supported “Southern rights” and scorned moralistic anti-slavery meddling, but he also understood that seceding over one presidential election was an overreaction, especially when the President faced an opposition Congress. Unionists in the Jacksonian tradition like Johnson, James L. Petigru, Sam Houston, and Richard K. Call are underrated in Southern history. I’d like to see more tributes to them.

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